{
  "id": "auth_ny_ins_5104",
  "version": 2,
  "jurisdiction": "us-ny",
  "domain": "torts.motor_vehicle",
  "title": "NY Insurance Law § 5104: Causes of action for personal injury",
  "valid_from": null,
  "valid_to": null,
  "temporal_notes": [],
  "topics": [
    "no_fault",
    "serious_injury",
    "serious_injury_procedure",
    "noneconomic_loss"
  ],
  "status": "VERIFIED",
  "verification": {
    "verified_on": "2026-09-30",
    "methods": [
      "Subsections (a) and (d) compared word for word with newyork.public.law's copy of the NY Senate's official Laws of New York page, which it reports was last updated on May 29, 2026. nysenate.gov refuses automated requests from this environment.",
      "The sentences added to subsection (a) and new subsection (d) compared with the enacted bill text (S.9008-C/A.10008-C, Part EE § 2) on nyassembly.gov and with the Department of Financial Services' description in Insurance Circular Letter No. 3 (2026)."
    ],
    "human_review_status": "reviewed",
    "reviewer": null
  },
  "revisions": [
    {
      "version": 2,
      "date": "2026-10-25",
      "summary": "Reviewed for source and accuracy."
    }
  ],
  "citation": "New York Insurance Law § 5104",
  "short_cite": "Ins. Law § 5104",
  "authority_kind": "state_statute",
  "authority_level": "primary_legislation",
  "enacted_by": "New York State Legislature",
  "effective_date": null,
  "official_url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/ISC/5104",
  "passages": [
    {
      "source": "src_nysenate_ins_5104",
      "locator": "§ 5104(a), first sentence",
      "text": "Notwithstanding any other law, in any action by or on behalf of a covered person against another covered person for personal injuries arising out of negligence in the use or operation of a motor vehicle in this state, there shall be no right of recovery for non-economic loss, except in the case of a serious injury, or for basic economic loss."
    },
    {
      "source": "src_nysenate_ins_5104",
      "locator": "§ 5104(a), third and fourth sentences",
      "text": "No liability for non-economic loss shall be fixed unless and until the trier of fact has determined the existence of a serious injury. In any action to recover non-economic loss pursuant to this article, the trier of fact shall not determine the question of whether an injury is a serious injury until the trier of fact has determined the party or parties at fault."
    },
    {
      "source": "src_nysenate_ins_5104",
      "locator": "§ 5104(d)",
      "text": "Notwithstanding the foregoing, and other than in an action for damages for injuries resulting in death, recovery for non-economic loss shall be limited to one hundred thousand dollars in the case of a serious injury in any action by or on behalf of an injured person who is at fault, is not barred from recovery by section fourteen hundred eleven of the civil practice law and rules, and was (1) operating an uninsured motor vehicle and responsible under article six of the vehicle and traffic law for insuring such motor vehicle, except if a lapse in motor vehicle insurance coverage occurs for a period of time less than thirty days; (2) operating a motor vehicle while impaired at the time of the accident and convicted of such; or (3) operating a motor vehicle in the commission of a felony, or immediate flight therefrom, at the time of the accident and has been convicted of such felony."
    }
  ],
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    "verification_date": "2026-09-30",
    "source_freshness": "2026-09-30",
    "temporal_status": "timeless",
    "conflict_status": "none_known",
    "human_review_status": "reviewed",
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  "applicability": {
    "as_of": "2026-11-04",
    "applies": true,
    "temporal_status": "timeless",
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        "locator": "§ 5104(a), first sentence",
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        "locator": "§ 5104(a), third and fourth sentences",
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      {
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        "locator": "§ 5104(d)",
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        "source_url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/ISC/5104",
        "retrieved": "2026-09-30"
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