{
  "id": "auth_ny_vtl_1151",
  "version": 2,
  "jurisdiction": "us-ny",
  "domain": "torts.motor_vehicle",
  "title": "NY Vehicle and Traffic Law § 1151: Pedestrians' right of way in crosswalks",
  "valid_from": null,
  "valid_to": null,
  "temporal_notes": [],
  "topics": [
    "pedestrian_right_of_way"
  ],
  "status": "VERIFIED",
  "verification": {
    "verified_on": "2026-09-30",
    "methods": [
      "Subdivisions (a) through (c) compared word for word with newyork.public.law's copy of the NY Senate's official Laws of New York page (last updated there September 22, 2014). nysenate.gov refuses automated requests from this environment."
    ],
    "human_review_status": "reviewed",
    "reviewer": null
  },
  "revisions": [
    {
      "version": 2,
      "date": "2026-10-25",
      "summary": "Reviewed for source and accuracy."
    }
  ],
  "citation": "New York Vehicle and Traffic Law § 1151",
  "short_cite": "VTL § 1151",
  "authority_kind": "state_statute",
  "authority_level": "primary_legislation",
  "enacted_by": "New York State Legislature",
  "effective_date": null,
  "official_url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/VAT/1151",
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      "locator": "§ 1151(a)",
      "text": "When traffic-control signals are not in place or not in operation the driver of a vehicle shall yield the right of way, slowing down or stopping if need be to so yield, to a pedestrian crossing the roadway within a crosswalk on the roadway upon which the vehicle is traveling"
    },
    {
      "source": "src_nysenate_vtl_1151",
      "locator": "§ 1151(b)",
      "text": "No pedestrian shall suddenly leave a curb or other place of safety and walk or run into the path of a vehicle which is so close that it is impractical for the driver to yield."
    },
    {
      "source": "src_nysenate_vtl_1151",
      "locator": "§ 1151(c)",
      "text": "Whenever any vehicle is stopped at a marked crosswalk or at any unmarked crosswalk at an intersection to permit a pedestrian to cross the roadway, the driver of any other vehicle approaching from the rear shall not overtake and pass such stopped vehicle."
    }
  ],
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    "source_type": "official_legislature",
    "primary_source": true,
    "verified": true,
    "verification_date": "2026-09-30",
    "source_freshness": "2026-09-30",
    "temporal_status": "timeless",
    "conflict_status": "none_known",
    "human_review_status": "reviewed",
    "provenance_complete": true
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  "applicability": {
    "as_of": "2026-11-04",
    "applies": true,
    "temporal_status": "timeless",
    "reason": "No date limits are recorded.",
    "status": "VERIFIED"
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        "relation": "establishes",
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        "id": "rel_vtl_1151_establishes_sudden_entry",
        "relation": "establishes",
        "to": "prop_ny_mv_pedestrian_sudden_entry"
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    "incoming": []
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  "provenance": {
    "passages": [
      {
        "source": "src_nysenate_vtl_1151",
        "locator": "§ 1151(a)",
        "sha256": "sha256:2f4735e14acf4ccf4fadd3a11d114947940ed037b44734d72fd4c2c4547e21e4",
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