{
  "id": "case_ny_murdza_v_zimmerman",
  "version": 2,
  "jurisdiction": "us-ny",
  "domain": "torts.motor_vehicle",
  "title": "Murdza v Zimmerman, 99 NY2d 375 (2003)",
  "valid_from": null,
  "valid_to": null,
  "temporal_notes": [],
  "topics": [
    "owner_liability"
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      "Quoted passages compared word for word with the opinion text on CourtListener (cluster 2029747), fetched through its API on 2026-09-30; citations inside passages are replaced by ellipses.",
      "Citation 99 NY2d 375 resolves to this cluster through CourtListener's citation lookup; case name and decision date (February 18, 2003) match."
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  "name": "Murdza v Zimmerman",
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  "court": "New York Court of Appeals",
  "court_level": "court_of_last_resort",
  "decided": "2003-02-18",
  "courtlistener": null,
  "editor_summary": "Answering certified questions about VTL § 388, restated that proof of ownership creates a rebuttable presumption that the driver had the owner's permission, which the owner can rebut only with substantial evidence.",
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      "locator": "99 NY2d at 380",
      "text": "we have held that \"proof of ownership of a motor vehicle creates a rebuttable presumption that the driver was using the vehicle with the owner's permission, express or implied\" ... This presumption may be rebutted, however, by substantial evidence sufficient to show that a vehicle was not operated with the owner's consent"
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