{
  "id": "case_nyc_xiang_fu_he_v_troon",
  "version": 2,
  "jurisdiction": "us-ny-nyc",
  "domain": "torts.sidewalk",
  "title": "Xiang Fu He v Troon Mgt., Inc., 34 NY3d 167 (2019)",
  "valid_from": null,
  "valid_to": null,
  "temporal_notes": [],
  "topics": [
    "nondelegable_duty",
    "abutting_owner_liability"
  ],
  "status": "VERIFIED",
  "verification": {
    "verified_on": "2026-09-29",
    "methods": [
      "Quoted passages compared word for word with the official reporter page (nycourts.gov/reporter, NY Law Reporting Bureau) as captured by a search engine on 2026-09-29; direct requests from this environment return HTTP 403.",
      "Decision date (October 24, 2019) read from the official reporter header. The page 169 passage is also quoted in Landberg v City of New York, 2026 NY Slip Op 03433, and Mantinaos v City of New York, 2026 NY Slip Op 03957."
    ],
    "human_review_status": "reviewed",
    "reviewer": null
  },
  "revisions": [
    {
      "version": 2,
      "date": "2026-10-25",
      "summary": "Reviewed for source and accuracy."
    }
  ],
  "name": "Xiang Fu He v Troon Mgt., Inc.",
  "citation": "34 NY3d 167",
  "parallel_citations": [
    "2019 NY Slip Op 07643"
  ],
  "court": "New York Court of Appeals",
  "court_level": "court_of_last_resort",
  "decided": "2019-10-24",
  "official_url": "https://nycourts.gov/REPORTER/3dseries/2019/2019_07643.htm",
  "courtlistener": null,
  "editor_summary": "Held that § 7-210 imposes a nondelegable duty on abutting owners, including out-of-possession owners who have leased the property or hired someone else to maintain it.",
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    {
      "source": "src_nycourts_xiang_fu_he_v_troon",
      "locator": "34 NY3d at 169",
      "text": "Section 7-210 of the Administrative Code of the City of New York unambiguously imposes a nondelegable duty on certain real property owners to maintain city sidewalks abutting their land in a reasonably safe condition. ... The code makes no exception for out-of-possession landowners and so we hold that the duty applies with full force notwithstanding an owner's transfer of possession to a lessee or maintenance agreement with a nonowner."
    },
    {
      "source": "src_nycourts_xiang_fu_he_v_troon",
      "locator": "34 NY3d at 176",
      "text": "we hold that section 7-210 abrogates the common law, imposes a nondelegable duty of care, and shifts civil liability from the City to out-of-possession owners like defendants."
    }
  ],
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  "applicability": {
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  "graph": {
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        "retrieved": "2026-09-29"
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        "source": "src_nycourts_xiang_fu_he_v_troon",
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