{
  "id": "prop_ny_mv_owner_liability_excludes_police_fire",
  "version": 2,
  "jurisdiction": "us-ny",
  "domain": "torts.motor_vehicle",
  "title": "Owner liability under § 388 does not cover fire and police vehicles",
  "valid_from": null,
  "valid_to": null,
  "temporal_notes": [],
  "topics": [
    "owner_liability",
    "city_vehicle"
  ],
  "status": "VERIFIED",
  "verification": {
    "verified_on": "2026-09-30",
    "methods": [
      "Statement drafted by the editor to restate only what the quoted passages say; each passage was checked against its source as recorded on the linked authority or case.",
      "Checked that every authority and case linked below says what the relationship note claims."
    ],
    "human_review_status": "reviewed",
    "reviewer": null
  },
  "revisions": [
    {
      "version": 2,
      "date": "2026-10-25",
      "summary": "Reviewed for source and accuracy."
    }
  ],
  "statement": "Section 388 defines the vehicles it covers to exclude fire and police vehicles, so its owner liability rule does not reach them.",
  "scope_notes": [
    "Liability of the City and other municipalities for their own vehicles and employees rests on other statutes (for example General Municipal Law §§ 50-a and 50-b) not yet in this dataset.",
    "Notice-of-claim rules for claims against the City apply to motor vehicle claims too: see prop_ny_notice_of_claim_90_days."
  ],
  "passages": [
    {
      "source": "src_nysenate_vtl_388",
      "locator": "§ 388(2)",
      "text": "As used in this section, \"vehicle\" means a \"motor vehicle\", as defined in ... except fire and police vehicles"
    }
  ],
  "type": "proposition",
  "source_ids": [],
  "relationship_ids": [
    "rel_police_fire_exclusion_limits_owner_liability"
  ],
  "url": "https://agents.newyorkeverydaylawreference.com/proposition/prop_ny_mv_owner_liability_excludes_police_fire",
  "cite_as": {
    "id": "prop_ny_mv_owner_liability_excludes_police_fire",
    "type": "proposition",
    "version": 2,
    "url": "https://agents.newyorkeverydaylawreference.com/proposition/prop_ny_mv_owner_liability_excludes_police_fire",
    "content_hash": "sha256:6366c836cd22f4994397e9d21aaae2c4deb3a41da87e96ad4221158e28c82cca",
    "dataset_version": "2026.10.25"
  },
  "trust": {
    "authority_level": "primary_legislation",
    "source_type": "official_legislature",
    "primary_source": true,
    "verified": true,
    "verification_date": "2026-09-30",
    "source_freshness": "2026-09-30",
    "temporal_status": "timeless",
    "conflict_status": "none_known",
    "human_review_status": "reviewed",
    "provenance_complete": true
  },
  "applicability": {
    "as_of": "2026-11-04",
    "applies": true,
    "temporal_status": "timeless",
    "reason": "No date limits are recorded.",
    "status": "VERIFIED"
  },
  "graph": {
    "authorities": [
      {
        "id": "auth_ny_vtl_388",
        "role": "establishes",
        "relationship": "rel_vtl_388_establishes_police_fire_exclusion"
      }
    ],
    "cases": [],
    "outgoing": [
      {
        "id": "rel_police_fire_exclusion_limits_owner_liability",
        "relation": "limits",
        "to": "prop_ny_mv_owner_liability_permissive_use"
      }
    ],
    "incoming": [
      {
        "id": "rel_vtl_388_establishes_police_fire_exclusion",
        "relation": "establishes",
        "from": "auth_ny_vtl_388"
      }
    ]
  },
  "provenance": {
    "passages": [
      {
        "source": "src_nysenate_vtl_388",
        "locator": "§ 388(2)",
        "sha256": "sha256:dee261c7f165476e0cb02c47483c178e8ecbe8a9576a72fa8a90fa816b30ab04",
        "source_url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/VAT/388",
        "retrieved": "2026-09-30"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://agents.newyorkeverydaylawreference.com/proposition/prop_ny_mv_owner_liability_excludes_police_fire",
    "json": "https://agents.newyorkeverydaylawreference.com/proposition/prop_ny_mv_owner_liability_excludes_police_fire.json",
    "markdown": "https://agents.newyorkeverydaylawreference.com/proposition/prop_ny_mv_owner_liability_excludes_police_fire.md",
    "current": "https://agents.newyorkeverydaylawreference.com/proposition/prop_ny_mv_owner_liability_excludes_police_fire",
    "versions": [
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      "https://agents.newyorkeverydaylawreference.com/proposition/prop_ny_mv_owner_liability_excludes_police_fire/v/2"
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    "schema": "https://agents.newyorkeverydaylawreference.com/schema/proposition.json"
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}