{
  "id": "prop_ny_mv_permissive_use_presumption",
  "version": 2,
  "jurisdiction": "us-ny",
  "domain": "torts.motor_vehicle",
  "title": "Ownership raises a rebuttable presumption of permission",
  "valid_from": null,
  "valid_to": null,
  "temporal_notes": [],
  "topics": [
    "owner_liability"
  ],
  "status": "VERIFIED",
  "verification": {
    "verified_on": "2026-09-30",
    "methods": [
      "Statement drafted by the editor to restate only what the quoted passages say; each passage was checked against its source as recorded on the linked authority or case.",
      "Checked that every authority and case linked below says what the relationship note claims."
    ],
    "human_review_status": "reviewed",
    "reviewer": null
  },
  "revisions": [
    {
      "version": 2,
      "date": "2026-10-25",
      "summary": "Reviewed for source and accuracy."
    }
  ],
  "statement": "Proof that someone owns the vehicle creates a rebuttable presumption that the driver had the owner's permission. The owner can rebut it only with substantial evidence that the vehicle was used without consent; denials by the owner and driver do not automatically win, and whether they do depends on how strong and plausible they are.",
  "scope_notes": [],
  "passages": [
    {
      "source": "src_courtlistener_murdza_v_zimmerman",
      "locator": "99 NY2d at 380",
      "text": "we have held that \"proof of ownership of a motor vehicle creates a rebuttable presumption that the driver was using the vehicle with the owner's permission, express or implied\" ... This presumption may be rebutted, however, by substantial evidence sufficient to show that a vehicle was not operated with the owner's consent"
    }
  ],
  "type": "proposition",
  "source_ids": [],
  "relationship_ids": [],
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    "dataset_version": "2026.10.25"
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  "trust": {
    "authority_level": "court_of_last_resort",
    "source_type": "courtlistener",
    "primary_source": false,
    "verified": true,
    "verification_date": "2026-09-30",
    "source_freshness": "2026-09-30",
    "temporal_status": "timeless",
    "conflict_status": "none_known",
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  "applicability": {
    "as_of": "2026-11-04",
    "applies": true,
    "temporal_status": "timeless",
    "reason": "No date limits are recorded.",
    "status": "VERIFIED"
  },
  "graph": {
    "authorities": [],
    "cases": [
      {
        "id": "case_ny_country_wide_v_national_railroad",
        "role": "supports",
        "relationship": "rel_country_wide_supports_permissive_use_presumption"
      },
      {
        "id": "case_ny_murdza_v_zimmerman",
        "role": "supports",
        "relationship": "rel_murdza_supports_permissive_use_presumption"
      }
    ],
    "outgoing": [],
    "incoming": [
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        "id": "rel_country_wide_supports_permissive_use_presumption",
        "relation": "supports",
        "from": "case_ny_country_wide_v_national_railroad"
      },
      {
        "id": "rel_murdza_supports_permissive_use_presumption",
        "relation": "supports",
        "from": "case_ny_murdza_v_zimmerman"
      }
    ]
  },
  "provenance": {
    "passages": [
      {
        "source": "src_courtlistener_murdza_v_zimmerman",
        "locator": "99 NY2d at 380",
        "sha256": "sha256:a759780936debf268876c2ceb575d8d86d6b6582b4b5e38f060303d9ae3b492b",
        "source_url": "https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/2029747/murdza-v-zimmerman/",
        "retrieved": "2026-09-30"
      }
    ]
  },
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