{
  "id": "prop_ny_mv_serious_injury_objective_proof",
  "version": 2,
  "jurisdiction": "us-ny",
  "domain": "torts.motor_vehicle",
  "title": "A serious injury must be shown by objective proof",
  "valid_from": null,
  "valid_to": null,
  "temporal_notes": [],
  "topics": [
    "serious_injury_proof"
  ],
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    "methods": [
      "Statement drafted by the editor to restate only what the quoted passages say; each passage was checked against its source as recorded on the linked authority or case.",
      "Checked that every authority and case linked below says what the relationship note claims."
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    "human_review_status": "reviewed",
    "reviewer": null
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  "revisions": [
    {
      "version": 2,
      "date": "2026-10-25",
      "summary": "Reviewed for source and accuracy."
    }
  ],
  "statement": "The Court of Appeals requires objective proof of the injury to meet the serious injury threshold; the injured person's subjective complaints alone are not enough.",
  "scope_notes": [
    "What counts as objective proof (for example quantified range-of-motion findings or imaging) is developed in later cases not yet in this dataset."
  ],
  "passages": [
    {
      "source": "src_courtlistener_toure_v_avis",
      "locator": "98 NY2d at 350",
      "text": "we have required objective proof of a plaintiffs injury in order to satisfy the statutory serious injury threshold ... subjective complaints alone are not sufficient"
    }
  ],
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    "source_type": "courtlistener",
    "primary_source": false,
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    "source_freshness": "2026-09-30",
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      {
        "id": "case_ny_toure_v_avis",
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        "relationship": "rel_toure_supports_objective_proof"
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    "outgoing": [],
    "incoming": [
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  "provenance": {
    "passages": [
      {
        "source": "src_courtlistener_toure_v_avis",
        "locator": "98 NY2d at 350",
        "sha256": "sha256:5ec0a8dd9cec1bb28f5412e3498a56fd49bb28228683771916a882ffa9411919",
        "source_url": "https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/2057079/toure-v-avis-rent-a-car-systems-inc/",
        "retrieved": "2026-09-30"
      }
    ]
  },
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