{
  "id": "prop_ny_mv_serious_injury_threshold",
  "version": 2,
  "jurisdiction": "us-ny",
  "domain": "torts.motor_vehicle",
  "title": "Non-economic loss requires a serious injury",
  "valid_from": null,
  "valid_to": null,
  "temporal_notes": [],
  "topics": [
    "serious_injury",
    "no_fault",
    "noneconomic_loss",
    "motor_vehicle_accident"
  ],
  "status": "VERIFIED",
  "verification": {
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    "methods": [
      "Statement drafted by the editor to restate only what the quoted passages say; each passage was checked against its source as recorded on the linked authority or case.",
      "Checked that every authority and case linked below says what the relationship note claims."
    ],
    "human_review_status": "reviewed",
    "reviewer": null
  },
  "revisions": [
    {
      "version": 2,
      "date": "2026-10-25",
      "summary": "Reviewed for source and accuracy."
    }
  ],
  "statement": "In a lawsuit between covered persons for personal injuries from negligent use or operation of a motor vehicle in New York, the injured person cannot recover non-economic loss (such as pain and suffering) unless the injury is a serious injury, and cannot recover basic economic loss, which no-fault benefits cover.",
  "scope_notes": [
    "Who is a covered person is defined in Insurance Law § 5102(j), not yet in this dataset.",
    "Economic loss above basic economic loss is not barred by this sentence."
  ],
  "passages": [
    {
      "source": "src_nysenate_ins_5104",
      "locator": "§ 5104(a), first sentence",
      "text": "Notwithstanding any other law, in any action by or on behalf of a covered person against another covered person for personal injuries arising out of negligence in the use or operation of a motor vehicle in this state, there shall be no right of recovery for non-economic loss, except in the case of a serious injury, or for basic economic loss."
    }
  ],
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    "content_hash": "sha256:4cdf36b966596b83183cc3536011297889f351c226ffae44728a0e6616151c5e",
    "dataset_version": "2026.10.25"
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  "trust": {
    "authority_level": "primary_legislation",
    "source_type": "official_legislature",
    "primary_source": true,
    "verified": true,
    "verification_date": "2026-09-30",
    "source_freshness": "2026-09-30",
    "temporal_status": "timeless",
    "conflict_status": "none_known",
    "human_review_status": "reviewed",
    "provenance_complete": true
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  "applicability": {
    "as_of": "2026-11-04",
    "applies": true,
    "temporal_status": "timeless",
    "reason": "No date limits are recorded.",
    "status": "VERIFIED"
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  "graph": {
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        "id": "auth_ny_ins_5104",
        "role": "establishes",
        "relationship": "rel_ins_5104_establishes_serious_injury_threshold"
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    "cases": [],
    "outgoing": [],
    "incoming": [
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        "id": "rel_ins_5104_establishes_serious_injury_threshold",
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        "from": "auth_ny_ins_5104"
      }
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  "provenance": {
    "passages": [
      {
        "source": "src_nysenate_ins_5104",
        "locator": "§ 5104(a), first sentence",
        "sha256": "sha256:e1c0585605de98b600f944d6e01d8fc84a389f0208bf46967a6eafeb4796c13a",
        "source_url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/ISC/5104",
        "retrieved": "2026-09-30"
      }
    ]
  },
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