{
  "id": "prop_nyc_sidewalk_abutting_owner_liability",
  "version": 2,
  "jurisdiction": "us-ny-nyc",
  "domain": "torts.sidewalk",
  "title": "Abutting owners are liable for injuries from unsafe NYC sidewalks, including flags and snow and ice",
  "valid_from": "2003-09-14",
  "valid_to": null,
  "temporal_notes": [],
  "topics": [
    "sidewalk_defect",
    "abutting_owner_liability",
    "snow_ice",
    "sidewalk_liability"
  ],
  "status": "VERIFIED",
  "verification": {
    "verified_on": "2026-09-29",
    "methods": [
      "Statement drafted by the editor to restate only what the quoted passages say; each passage was checked against its source as recorded on the linked authority or case.",
      "Checked that every authority and case linked below says what the relationship note claims."
    ],
    "human_review_status": "reviewed",
    "reviewer": null
  },
  "revisions": [
    {
      "version": 2,
      "date": "2026-10-25",
      "summary": "Reviewed for source and accuracy."
    }
  ],
  "statement": "Since September 14, 2003, the owner of real property abutting a New York City sidewalk is liable for personal injury or property damage proximately caused by the owner's failure to maintain the sidewalk in a reasonably safe condition, which includes negligently failing to repair or replace defective sidewalk flags and negligently failing to remove snow, ice, dirt, or other material.",
  "scope_notes": [
    "Does not apply to one-, two-, or three-family homes that are owner occupied and used only as residences.",
    "Does not reach city-owned tree wells (Vucetovic).",
    "Does not shift liability for the City's own affirmative negligence (Harakidas; Zorin)."
  ],
  "passages": [
    {
      "source": "src_amlegal_nyc_admin_code_7-210",
      "locator": "§ 7-210(b)",
      "text": "the owner of real property abutting any sidewalk, including, but not limited to, the intersection quadrant for corner property, shall be liable for any injury to property or personal injury, including death, proximately caused by the failure of such owner to maintain such sidewalk in a reasonably safe condition."
    },
    {
      "source": "src_amlegal_nyc_admin_code_7-210",
      "locator": "§ 7-210(b)",
      "text": "Failure to maintain such sidewalk in a reasonably safe condition shall include, but not be limited to, the negligent failure to install, construct, reconstruct, repave, repair or replace defective sidewalk flags and the negligent failure to remove snow, ice, dirt or other material from the sidewalk."
    }
  ],
  "type": "proposition",
  "source_ids": [],
  "relationship_ids": [],
  "url": "https://agents.newyorkeverydaylawreference.com/proposition/prop_nyc_sidewalk_abutting_owner_liability",
  "cite_as": {
    "id": "prop_nyc_sidewalk_abutting_owner_liability",
    "type": "proposition",
    "version": 2,
    "url": "https://agents.newyorkeverydaylawreference.com/proposition/prop_nyc_sidewalk_abutting_owner_liability",
    "content_hash": "sha256:e4553a359d81d1c665a86e056b149c1e45dd09992f07b6f09c0757c857878ef4",
    "dataset_version": "2026.10.25"
  },
  "trust": {
    "authority_level": "court_of_last_resort",
    "source_type": "official_code",
    "primary_source": true,
    "verified": true,
    "verification_date": "2026-09-29",
    "source_freshness": "2026-09-29",
    "temporal_status": "current",
    "conflict_status": "limited",
    "human_review_status": "reviewed",
    "provenance_complete": true
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  "applicability": {
    "as_of": "2026-11-04",
    "applies": true,
    "temporal_status": "current",
    "reason": "Applies from 2003-09-14.",
    "status": "VERIFIED"
  },
  "graph": {
    "authorities": [
      {
        "id": "auth_nyc_admin_code_7-210",
        "role": "establishes",
        "relationship": "rel_7-210_establishes_owner_liability"
      }
    ],
    "cases": [
      {
        "id": "case_nyc_vucetovic_v_epsom_downs",
        "role": "limits",
        "relationship": "rel_vucetovic_limits_owner_liability"
      },
      {
        "id": "case_nyc_xiang_fu_he_v_troon",
        "role": "supports",
        "relationship": "rel_xiang_fu_he_supports_owner_liability"
      }
    ],
    "outgoing": [],
    "incoming": [
      {
        "id": "rel_7-210_establishes_owner_liability",
        "relation": "establishes",
        "from": "auth_nyc_admin_code_7-210"
      },
      {
        "id": "rel_owner_occupied_exemption_limits_owner_liability",
        "relation": "limits",
        "from": "prop_nyc_sidewalk_owner_occupied_exemption"
      },
      {
        "id": "rel_tree_wells_excluded_limits_owner_liability",
        "relation": "limits",
        "from": "prop_nyc_sidewalk_tree_wells_excluded"
      },
      {
        "id": "rel_vucetovic_limits_owner_liability",
        "relation": "limits",
        "from": "case_nyc_vucetovic_v_epsom_downs"
      },
      {
        "id": "rel_xiang_fu_he_supports_owner_liability",
        "relation": "supports",
        "from": "case_nyc_xiang_fu_he_v_troon"
      }
    ]
  },
  "provenance": {
    "passages": [
      {
        "source": "src_amlegal_nyc_admin_code_7-210",
        "locator": "§ 7-210(b)",
        "sha256": "sha256:c8b4d5717aad8b63083cd59c3f76d87e2b91f941f8c8a0a9ec619215034e170b",
        "source_url": "https://codelibrary.amlegal.com/codes/newyorkcity/latest/NYCadmin/0-0-0-4164",
        "retrieved": "2026-09-29"
      },
      {
        "source": "src_amlegal_nyc_admin_code_7-210",
        "locator": "§ 7-210(b)",
        "sha256": "sha256:0a37635f0603bfe4f0734d49b07ef06a6f11d8774cccb88aacc2f4f3a482f1e8",
        "source_url": "https://codelibrary.amlegal.com/codes/newyorkcity/latest/NYCadmin/0-0-0-4164",
        "retrieved": "2026-09-29"
      }
    ]
  },
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