{
  "id": "prop_nyc_sidewalk_nondelegable_duty",
  "version": 2,
  "jurisdiction": "us-ny-nyc",
  "domain": "torts.sidewalk",
  "title": "The § 7-210 duty is nondelegable, including for out-of-possession owners",
  "valid_from": "2003-09-14",
  "valid_to": null,
  "temporal_notes": [],
  "topics": [
    "nondelegable_duty",
    "abutting_owner_liability"
  ],
  "status": "VERIFIED",
  "verification": {
    "verified_on": "2026-09-29",
    "methods": [
      "Statement drafted by the editor to restate only what the quoted passages say; each passage was checked against its source as recorded on the linked authority or case.",
      "Checked that every authority and case linked below says what the relationship note claims."
    ],
    "human_review_status": "reviewed",
    "reviewer": null
  },
  "revisions": [
    {
      "version": 2,
      "date": "2026-10-25",
      "summary": "Reviewed for source and accuracy."
    }
  ],
  "statement": "The abutting owner's duty under § 7-210 is nondelegable: it applies in full even when the owner has leased the property or contracted with someone else to maintain the sidewalk.",
  "scope_notes": [
    "Concerns the owner's liability to the injured person; it does not address claims between the owner and a tenant or contractor."
  ],
  "passages": [
    {
      "source": "src_nycourts_xiang_fu_he_v_troon",
      "locator": "34 NY3d at 169",
      "text": "The code makes no exception for out-of-possession landowners and so we hold that the duty applies with full force notwithstanding an owner's transfer of possession to a lessee or maintenance agreement with a nonowner."
    }
  ],
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  "source_ids": [],
  "relationship_ids": [],
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    "content_hash": "sha256:acde126670b88fac68a8939e85ba526251768fb89c90e4bff6259a54b5945384",
    "dataset_version": "2026.10.25"
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  "trust": {
    "authority_level": "court_of_last_resort",
    "source_type": "official_reporter",
    "primary_source": true,
    "verified": true,
    "verification_date": "2026-09-29",
    "source_freshness": "2026-09-29",
    "temporal_status": "current",
    "conflict_status": "none_known",
    "human_review_status": "reviewed",
    "provenance_complete": true
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  "applicability": {
    "as_of": "2026-11-04",
    "applies": true,
    "temporal_status": "current",
    "reason": "Applies from 2003-09-14.",
    "status": "VERIFIED"
  },
  "graph": {
    "authorities": [],
    "cases": [
      {
        "id": "case_nyc_xiang_fu_he_v_troon",
        "role": "supports",
        "relationship": "rel_xiang_fu_he_supports_nondelegable"
      }
    ],
    "outgoing": [],
    "incoming": [
      {
        "id": "rel_xiang_fu_he_supports_nondelegable",
        "relation": "supports",
        "from": "case_nyc_xiang_fu_he_v_troon"
      }
    ]
  },
  "provenance": {
    "passages": [
      {
        "source": "src_nycourts_xiang_fu_he_v_troon",
        "locator": "34 NY3d at 169",
        "sha256": "sha256:d18200d8da165d17f1f698846f2c22bb17ca1b7d501918414a2e1dd4352ef229",
        "source_url": "https://nycourts.gov/REPORTER/3dseries/2019/2019_07643.htm",
        "retrieved": "2026-09-29"
      }
    ]
  },
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