{
  "id": "rel_ins_5104_establishes_noneconomic_cap",
  "relation": "establishes",
  "to": "prop_ny_mv_noneconomic_cap_at_fault",
  "note": "New subsection (d) caps non-economic loss at $100,000 for three kinds of at-fault injured people.",
  "valid_from": "2026-05-26",
  "valid_to": null,
  "passages": [
    {
      "source": "src_nysenate_ins_5104",
      "locator": "§ 5104(d)",
      "text": "Notwithstanding the foregoing, and other than in an action for damages for injuries resulting in death, recovery for non-economic loss shall be limited to one hundred thousand dollars in the case of a serious injury in any action by or on behalf of an injured person who is at fault, is not barred from recovery by section fourteen hundred eleven of the civil practice law and rules, and was (1) operating an uninsured motor vehicle and responsible under article six of the vehicle and traffic law for insuring such motor vehicle, except if a lapse in motor vehicle insurance coverage occurs for a period of time less than thirty days; (2) operating a motor vehicle while impaired at the time of the accident and convicted of such; or (3) operating a motor vehicle in the commission of a felony, or immediate flight therefrom, at the time of the accident and has been convicted of such felony."
    }
  ],
  "version": 2,
  "revisions": [
    {
      "version": 2,
      "date": "2026-10-25",
      "summary": "Reviewed for source and accuracy."
    }
  ],
  "type": "relationship",
  "from": "auth_ny_ins_5104",
  "title": "auth_ny_ins_5104 establishes prop_ny_mv_noneconomic_cap_at_fault",
  "status": "VERIFIED",
  "jurisdiction": "us-ny",
  "domain": "torts.motor_vehicle",
  "verification": {
    "verified_on": "2026-09-30",
    "methods": [
      "Subsections (a) and (d) compared word for word with newyork.public.law's copy of the NY Senate's official Laws of New York page, which it reports was last updated on May 29, 2026. nysenate.gov refuses automated requests from this environment.",
      "The sentences added to subsection (a) and new subsection (d) compared with the enacted bill text (S.9008-C/A.10008-C, Part EE § 2) on nyassembly.gov and with the Department of Financial Services' description in Insurance Circular Letter No. 3 (2026)."
    ],
    "human_review_status": "reviewed",
    "reviewer": null
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    "dataset_version": "2026.10.25"
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  "trust": {
    "authority_level": "primary_legislation",
    "source_type": "official_legislature",
    "primary_source": true,
    "verified": true,
    "verification_date": "2026-09-30",
    "source_freshness": "2026-09-30",
    "temporal_status": "current",
    "conflict_status": "none_known",
    "human_review_status": "reviewed",
    "provenance_complete": true
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  "applicability": {
    "as_of": "2026-11-04",
    "applies": true,
    "temporal_status": "current",
    "reason": "Relationship holds from 2026-05-26.",
    "status": "VERIFIED"
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  "graph": {
    "outgoing": [],
    "incoming": []
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  "provenance": {
    "passages": [
      {
        "source": "src_nysenate_ins_5104",
        "locator": "§ 5104(d)",
        "sha256": "sha256:74a961a3c50d9230d2d5b357f7244f52db6947dd44470b4a9315443e526b79bf",
        "source_url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/ISC/5104",
        "retrieved": "2026-09-30"
      }
    ]
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