{
  "id": "rel_xiang_fu_he_supports_nondelegable",
  "relation": "supports",
  "to": "prop_nyc_sidewalk_nondelegable_duty",
  "note": "The owner cannot shift the duty by lease or maintenance contract.",
  "valid_from": null,
  "valid_to": null,
  "passages": [
    {
      "source": "src_nycourts_xiang_fu_he_v_troon",
      "locator": "34 NY3d at 169",
      "text": "Section 7-210 of the Administrative Code of the City of New York unambiguously imposes a nondelegable duty on certain real property owners to maintain city sidewalks abutting their land in a reasonably safe condition. ... The code makes no exception for out-of-possession landowners and so we hold that the duty applies with full force notwithstanding an owner's transfer of possession to a lessee or maintenance agreement with a nonowner."
    },
    {
      "source": "src_nycourts_xiang_fu_he_v_troon",
      "locator": "34 NY3d at 176",
      "text": "we hold that section 7-210 abrogates the common law, imposes a nondelegable duty of care, and shifts civil liability from the City to out-of-possession owners like defendants."
    }
  ],
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      "date": "2026-10-25",
      "summary": "Reviewed for source and accuracy."
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  "from": "case_nyc_xiang_fu_he_v_troon",
  "title": "case_nyc_xiang_fu_he_v_troon supports prop_nyc_sidewalk_nondelegable_duty",
  "status": "VERIFIED",
  "jurisdiction": "us-ny-nyc",
  "domain": "torts.sidewalk",
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    "methods": [
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      "Decision date (October 24, 2019) read from the official reporter header. The page 169 passage is also quoted in Landberg v City of New York, 2026 NY Slip Op 03433, and Mantinaos v City of New York, 2026 NY Slip Op 03957."
    ],
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    "reviewer": null
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  "trust": {
    "authority_level": "court_of_last_resort",
    "source_type": "official_reporter",
    "primary_source": true,
    "verified": true,
    "verification_date": "2026-09-29",
    "source_freshness": "2026-09-29",
    "temporal_status": "timeless",
    "conflict_status": "none_known",
    "human_review_status": "reviewed",
    "provenance_complete": true
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        "source": "src_nycourts_xiang_fu_he_v_troon",
        "locator": "34 NY3d at 169",
        "sha256": "sha256:ecf1a6f4deeb4e52071f6e32cac9765621469936b988d545e8caf9dc47a54a70",
        "source_url": "https://nycourts.gov/REPORTER/3dseries/2019/2019_07643.htm",
        "retrieved": "2026-09-29"
      },
      {
        "source": "src_nycourts_xiang_fu_he_v_troon",
        "locator": "34 NY3d at 176",
        "sha256": "sha256:28a1fcf6eed25c52a67325f87d9cc837daaea2d0b683cdc12284e82bde61cb2f",
        "source_url": "https://nycourts.gov/REPORTER/3dseries/2019/2019_07643.htm",
        "retrieved": "2026-09-29"
      }
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